Quick Question: What’s With All Those Acronyms?

"file under reference"

By Keelan Weber & Rachel Evans

Welcome to the first in a series of new posts we are calling Quick Question. In these posts we will address questions we have wondered or are currently pondering as new librarians, and do our best to answer them while we figure them out ourselves. Navigating librarianship in a niche field can be tough. For this initial post we wanted to discover what is up with not just all of the acronyms, but other lingo and terminology specific to technical law librarian roles as well:

Professional Organization Related:

• AALL = American Association of Law Libraries
• SIS = Special Interest Sections (82 % belong to one or more sections!)
• ALL = Academic Law Libraries
• CS = Computing Services
• DET = Digitization & Educational Technology
• FCIL = Foreign, Comparative & International Law
• GD = Government Documents
• LHRB = Legal History & Rare Books
• LISP = Legal Information Services to the Public
• OBS = Online Bibliographic Services
• GLL = Government Law Libraries
• PLLIP Private Law Librarians & Information Professionals
• PEGA = Professional Engagement, Growth & Advancement
• RIPS = Research Instruction & Patron Services
• SR = Social Responsibilities
• TS = Technical Services
• Working Groups and Roundtables
• VRAG = Vendor-Supplied Records Advisory Working Group
• MPSAG = Metadata Policy Standards Advisory Group
• Other Common AALL Acronyms
• CC:DA = Committee on Cataloging: Description & Access (committee of ALA/ALCTS with representatives from TS-SIS)
• SAC = Subject Analysis Committee (also a committee of ALA/ALCTS, where classification is considered with representatives from TS-SIS)
• MAC = MARC Advisory Committee (has a liaison with representatives from TS-SIS)
• CONELL = Conference of Newer Law Librarians
• Regional Chapters of AALL (there are 30 across the country!)
• MALLCO = Mid-American Law Library Consortium
• ALA = American Library Association
• ACRL = Association of College and Research Libraries
• IFLA = International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

Resource Providers & Vendor Related:

• OCLC = Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (a global cooperative that supports thousands of libraries in making information more accessible and useful)
• WorldCat = World Catalog (a union catalog that itemizes the collections of 72,000 libraries in 170 countries and territories that participate in the OCLC) 
• LMA = Library Maintenance Agreement (standard contract, with Thomson Reuters for example)
• FDLP = Federal Depository Library Program
• GPO = Government Publishing Office
• YBP = Yankee Book Peddler
• DDA = Demand Driven Acquisition
• GOBI = Global Online Bibliographic Information (web-based acquisitions tool for finding, ordering and managing e-books and print books from EBSCO)
• EDS = Ebsco Discovery Service
• WLN = Westlaw Next
• WEST = Westlaw
• LEX = LexisNexis
• HEIN = HeinOnline
• KLI ARB = Kluwer Arbitration
• LIPA = Legal Information Preservation Alliance

Other/General Technical Services & Systems Related:

• LCC = Library of Congress Classification (system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress and used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S.)
• MARC = Machine-Readable Cataloging (formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form)
• MRC = Machine-Readable Code (commonly used file type with machine-readable code)
• MRK = alternate file extension of Machine-Readable Code (a slightly more human-readable form, you will see this if you "break", a MarcEdit format)
• MarcEdit = metadata editing software suite (used primarily to create and manipulate MARC records)
• RDA = Resource Description & Access (new standards, plus a helpful toolkit)
• XML = eXtensible Markup Language (designed to store and transport data, and to be self-descriptive)
• BIBFRAME = Bibliographic Framework (a data model for bibliographic description, designed to replace MARC standards and use linked data principles)
• AUTH = authority records (the most common means of enforcing authority control)
• BIB = bibliographic records
• SUB = subject authority records
• NAM = name authority records
• IR = Institutional Repository
• DR = Digital Repository
• bePress = Berkley Electronic Press (Digital Commons is the name of their popular DR)
• ILS = Integrated Library System
• OPAC = Online Public Access Catalog (quickly becoming an outmoded term)
• III = Innovative Interfaces, Inc. ILS provider (Encore is the name of their OPAC)
• LSP = Library Service Provider
• Alma = Cloud-based ExLibris LSP 
• Primo = Discovery interface from ExLibris (sometimes linked to Alma)

Glossary of Terms:

• AALL Caucuses = Smaller in size and less formal in structure than SIS, caucuses connect members with more focused interests
• Law Repositories Caucus = a platform-neutral group that supports repository coordinators by providing a community for sharing info and resources
• Alphabet Soup Reception = Joint reception of the CS/OBS/RIPS/TS Special Interest Sections)
• "Annual Meeting" of AALL's annual conference:
• Annual Meeting program = a program with a specific topic, often sponsored by an SIS that is open and available to all attendees
• Annual Meeting meetings = SIS special meetings that are either invite-only, open to the entire SIS, or to all attendees interested. The Annual Meeting schedule will indicate what SIS is having the meeting, what time, and if it is a smaller group (executive board, for example) and/or the focus of the meeting.

We are still learning, and know we missed plenty! Let us know what else should be included in the comments below...

Getting to Know TS Librarians: Rachel Evans

1. Introduce yourself (name & position). Please provide a picture to be posted to the TechScans blog. 
Rachel Evans - I am the Metadata Services Librarian at UGA Law Library. I had been at UGA School of Law in the library's I.T. department for close to 7 years in a web coordinator role before taking a position as a librarian last November 2018. As the web coordinator I had wonderful opportunities to work closely with all of the librarians and library staff on various projects, many of which overlapped with my new job title and duties, so applying for and taking the metadata role was a no-brainer! As the Metadata Librarian I work with other librarians on the Leadership team, Systems team, Digital Commons team, and continue to attend law school Web team meetings. 

Here's a link to Rachel's bio: http://law.uga.edu/profile/rachel-s-evans

2. Does your job title actually describe what you do? Why/why not? 
It both does and doesn't. In the sense that metadata is a part of nearly everything created and maintained by the law library, the title obviously applies. I manage several collections in our Digital Commons repository including some conferences and other events as well as librarian presentations and articles. I also do batch loads into our ILS from various vendors, load authority records, manage e-book discovery records, and change our physical back-up tape. The list could go on... metadata is not limited to my individual role though, and in a way it suits my job no more than it would anyone else who edits records in our catalog or adds items to our repository (and there are so many of us that share those responsibilities - aren't we all metadata librarians?!). A better fit might be something like "web" services or "electronic resources"... but now I'm just being picky!! It is a cool sounding title, albeit one that always requires extensive explanation from well meaning but non-librarian family members ("meta-what?!").

3. What are you reading right now? 
I am currently working my way through two books. The first is actually about one of my husband's distant uncles, Torment in the Knobs. It  historically recalls the 19th century story of Mason Evans, legendary hermit for 40 years in the area surrounding Starr Mountain, Tennessee. It is one of several books we recently acquired featuring different versions of Mason's life. The second is one I just started reading, The Piano Teacher. This novel is a continuation of a reading list I started over a year ago to read the novels that served as the basis for films I had seen or wanted to see. I loved the film by the same name which was actually the first Heneke film I ever saw. I have read so many wonderful novels from this list and it continues to grow as I discover more and more books that did not realize were the basis for some of my favorite tales on screen. Other highlights I've read from this series of reading: Pinnochio, Frantic, Spiral Into Horror, Mouchette, Don't Look Now, The Makioka Sisters, Watership Down, Diary of a Country Priest, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Half In Love, and Berlin Alexanderplatz.

4. You suddenly have a free day at work, what project would you work on? 
I am extremely excited about two projects. It would be a very tough call as to which I would focus on if I had a completely and totally free day. One is a usability testing study I am working on with a small team. We hope to screen capture a group of user clicks through our online catalog (Sierra) and our discovery layer (Ebsco) as they follow prompts we have designed. My goal is that the results will not only reveal which platform better serves us, but also allow the library to discover how our users travel through each site and to find problems that need fixing. The other project would be cleaning up and re-organizing our various websites. We have several: Digital Commons repository, LibGuides, and a few Drupal sites (both public facing and an intranet). Part of this clean-up is already underway with Digital Commons, and I am having great fun working with our Archives Librarian Sharon Bradley to simultaneously clear old event photos off of the public law school web server and preserve/re-organize our digital photos in the online repository. There are SO many pieces to the various site puzzles though... a single free day would just not be enough!

Getting to Know TS Librarians: Keelan Weber

1. Introduce yourself (name & position).

Hi! I’m Keelan Weber, Head of Cataloging and Resource Management at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Schmid Law Library. I am brand new to law librarianship, having started in September 2018. Prior to my current position, I worked in e-resource management for the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries.

2. Does your job title actually describe what you do? Why/why not?

Yes, it actually does! The majority of my job is cataloging and maintaining our resources and managing two amazing staff who work to make our materials available for our Law College community.

3. What are you reading right now?

I’ve gotten into the habit of reading one fiction and one nonfiction book at the same time. I’m currently finishing up Prayers for Sale by Sandra Dallas (I loved True Sisters… this is not as good, but still a nice read) and Son of a Critch by Canadian comedian, Mark Critch which is perfect Newfoundlander story-telling packed with laughs.

4. If you could work in any library (either a type of library or a specific one), what would it be? Why?

I think archives are a fascinating place. I would love to discover long-lost letters or objects. I had wanted to be an archaeologist as a kid and I think working in archives would give that same feeling of the potential for a wondrous discovery.

Measuring the value of cataloging

A recent post by Karen Smith-Yoshimura on OCLC's Hanging Together blog highlights the difficulty of quantifying the impact of cataloging work. The column is based on a discussion by OCLC Research Library Partners metadata managers. Smith-Yoshimura reminds readers that traditional methods of tracking cataloger productivity, statistics, do not measure the actual impact of the cataloger's work.

In many institutions, catalogers work in an environment where their efforts are undervalued by administration. In order to justify the effort involved to craft high quality bibliographic descriptions, we need to quantify how this work contributes to user's success, and how the metadata we create contributes to our organization's strategic goals. Smith-Yoshimura highlights the need for a "culture shift" from "pride around production alone" to placing value on learning opportunities and experimentation. She emphasizes the need to "understand that improving all metadata is more important than any individual's productivity."

How any one technical services unit can convince their administration to provide time and space to pursue these kinds of opportunities in the face of staff reductions and continued pressure to maintain production is an open question.

Smith-Yoshimura, Karen. Alternatives to statistics for measuring success and value of cataloging. Hanging together, the OCLC research blog. April 15, 2019. http://hangingtogether.org/?p=7122

Preservation Week April 21-27

Preservation Week, April 21 – 27, is drawing near.  Law librarians play a key role in preserving legal information and scholarship for the benefit of future generations.  In a print environment, preservation may be as simple as protecting the binding of a book, repairing a ripped page, or ordering multiple copies of a well-used title.  With the birth and growth of digital documents, the task becomes more complex and difficult to achieve, especially for smaller institutions and establishments.  Without adequate resources to undertake the needed work, digital legal information becomes especially vulnerable to technological obsolescence and potential degradation over time. 

In 2003 attendees at a conference sponsored by the Georgetown University Law Library and the American Association of Law Libraries recognized the challenging landscape and the need to establish long-term archiving and preservation support to institutions charged with overseeing legal collections.  To address the concerns, conference participants established the Legal Information Preservation Alliance (LIPA).

 In 2005, LIPA commissioned a white paper, Preserving Legal Materials in Digital Formats.  In 2006, members released the first Strategic Plan with an updated version following in 2009. These documents laid the foundation and created a structure for the consistent development of new projects and services for member libraries.

Today, LIPA is a non-profit consortium of over one-hundred academic federal, state and public law libraries dedicated to the preservation and accessibility of legal information through collaboration, education, and advocacy.  Ventures include LawArXiv, Law Review Preservation Program, Legal Information Archive, and PALMPrint.  Information professionals will find a list of digital preservation resources on the website, as well as a BLOG featuring preservation tips.

Library of Congress BIBFRAME progress

A recent ALCTS webinar "Library of Congress BIBFRAME progress" provided information on the current state of BIBFRAME development. Topics included fiscal year 2019 goals and achievements, an exploration of issues mapping MARC to BIBFRAME to MARC, explication of the issue of "blank nodes", and developments in LC's Linked Data Services.

LC is particularly interested in mapping data both into and out of BIBFRAME to eliminate the need for staff participating in the BIBFRAME pilot to do double work. Currently, participating staff are required to describe a resource in BIBFRAME, then re-describe it in MARC. It will be necessary to provide full MARC and BIBFRAME resource descriptions for the foreseeable future. Sally McCallum described several complicated modeling issues that must be resolved before duplicate work can be eliminated. Many of these issues are related to modeling differences; MARC is a "unit record model" with data both from and about the resource integrated into a record, BIBFRAME splits the data about a resource into Works (RDA work/expression), Instance (RDA manifestation), and Items. Decisions are needed on how to present a BIBFRAME work as a MARC work. Use of vernacular scripts and URIs present additional issues. URIs are present in BIBFRAME descriptions in areas that are not currently supported in MARC. Use of URI's to represent concepts at the field level is pretty straight forward, but mapping of headings with qualifiers can be problematic. The goal is to produce structurally sound MARC records from BIBFRAME.

Kevin Ford addressed the issue of "anonymous resources", also known as "blank nodes". He described anonymous resources as a "fact of life" in the context of raw data transformations. Although it would be nice if all data points and concepts had URIs, not everything rises to a level where an entity is willing to mint and maintain a URI. LC is tackling some of this by creating an experimental "providers" file of publishers, available at id.loc.gov/entities/providers.

This presentation is available via the ALCTS YouTube channel at https://youtu.be/YltipGeoJ5Q. ALCTS webinars are generally made available via the ALCTS YouTube channel six months after initial presentation. The Library of Congress makes presentations about BIBFRAME available via their Bibliographic Framework page.

Getting to Know TS Librarians: Nariné Bournoutian

Introduce yourself (name & position).
Hello, all! I'm Nariné  Bournoutian. I am the Head of Continuing Resources and Collection Maintenance at Arthur W. Diamond Law Library, Columbia University. I've been at the Law Library since 2014 and in my current role since November 2018.

Does your job title actually describe what you do? Why/why not?
It definitely does! I oversee two separate units in the Technical Services department. The CR unit processes incoming print serials/microforms and communicates with vendors to ensure fulfillment of all our paid subscriptions. The Stacks unit is responsible for the physical organization of the library stacks, reshelving books, and keeping the collection updated by filing supplementation and replacing superseded volumes.

What are you reading right now?
I'm in my fifth semester of my MLIS program, which doesn't leave a lot of time for fiction reading, unfortunately. But I've been on a sci-fi short-story compendium binge lately, since it's easier than trying to intermittently read a novel. I recently finished Ken Liu's The Paper Menagerie and Other Stories and am currently working my way through The Winds of Marble Arch and Other Stories by Connie Willis. Science fiction is my favorite genre, and these stories are a welcome break from mountains of assigned reading and essays!

If you could work in any library (either a type of library or a specific one), what would it be? Why?
My undergraduate focus was film studies and I worked in my college's media library as a student. I would love the chance to work with a time-based media/AV collection again and combine my two areas of study.